Sickle Cell Disease (SCD)

What is Sickle Cell Disease?

Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) is an inherited blood disorder that affects the shape and function of red blood cells. Normally, red blood cells are round and flexible, allowing them to move easily through blood vessels.

In SCD, these cells become crescent or “sickle”-shaped, making them stiff and sticky. This leads to blockages in blood flow, causing pain and organ damage.

Causes:-

Sickle Cell Disease is caused by a genetic mutation in the hemoglobin gene (HbS). It is passed from parents to children.

  • If both parents carry the sickle cell trait, the child may develop SCD

If only one parent carries the trait, the child becomes a carrier (Trait) but usually does not show symptoms.

Symptoms:-

Symptoms vary from person to person and may include:

  • Severe pain episodes (pain crises)
  • Chronic anemia (low hemoglobin)
  • Fatigue and weakness
  • Swelling in hands and feet
  • Frequent infections
  • Delayed growth in children
  • Yellowing of eyes (jaundice)

Diagnosis

SCD can be diagnosed through simple blood tests:

  • Newborn Screening (NBS)
  • Hb Electrophoresis (Gold Standard)
  • HPLC Test (High Performance Liquid Chromatography)

Early diagnosis is critical for proper care and management.

Treatment & Management

There is currently no universal cure for SCD, but it can be managed effectively:

  • Pain management medications
  • Regular vaccinations and antibiotics
  • Hydroxyurea to reduce complications
  • Blood transfusions in severe cases
  • Bone marrow transplant (potential cure in selected cases)

Prevention & Screening

  • Carrier Screening (before marriage)
  • Antenatal Screening (ANC)
  • Newborn Screening (NBS)

Awareness and early testing are key to reducing the burden of SCD.

Sickle Cell in India

Sickle Cell Disease is a major public health concern in India, especially among tribal populations.

The Government of India has launched the National Sickle Cell Anemia Elimination Mission 2047 with the goal to eliminate SCD by 2047 through:

  • Mass screening programs
  • Awareness campaigns
  • Early diagnosis and management

Living with Sickle Cell

People with SCD can live meaningful lives with proper care and support:

  • Regular health check-ups
  • Healthy lifestyle and hydration
  • Avoiding extreme temperatures
  • Emotional and social support

Our Commitment

We are dedicated to:

  • Spreading awareness
  • Conducting screening programs
  • Supporting patients and families

Working towards a Sickle Cell Free India